Modernism and the Holocaust Essay - 1932 Words

The emergence of the Holocaust and the Nazi party views can largely be determined as a result of modernity, as a reaction against the times. Yet, at the same time it can be argued that the National Socialist party can be characterized as a modern development. Modris Eksteins, George Mosse, and Zygmundt Bauman offer an in-depth look into both the anti-modern and modern aspects of the Nazi movement and the resulting Holocaust. Eksteins work proves to be the most thorough of the three works in following the growth and progress of the Nazi party and Hitlers rise to power. Bauman covers more of the political side of the National Socialists, and especially appeals to morality and ethics, or rejection thereof, to portray his very†¦show more content†¦He believes that a culture has a soul, whereas Civilization is ‘the most external and artificial state of which humanity is capable, (Mosse, 6). If a countrys people accept their culture and reject the civilization it means fo r many the end to alienation from their society. This theory parallels Eksteins explanation of ‘The Spirit of Aust among the German people who felt unified and devoted to their country. Mosse explains how these feelings were contrived as a response to the complacent bourgeois society, which was satisfied with Germany as it was and gave little thought to Germany as it should be, (Mosse 7). Germany had always yearned for a feeling of national unity, but in 1918 Germany lost the first World War and was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, a peace treaty between the warring nations that officially ended the war. The treaty, however, forced Germany to take full responsibility for the war and its aftermath and pay reparations to particular countries. This forced Germany to fall into a state of economic instability and despair and they fell into a state of depression. This time of political and economic turmoil and grief forced the Germanic people to look for some kind of national unity. They looked to form a system of cultural cohesion among their people instead of some kind of political unity because it seemed that political unification had not brought with it theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Genocide and Reification3132 Words   |  13 Pagesacts man can do in the future. Genocide, in both the Holocaust and in the 1994 Rwandan genocide, is grounded in self-reification and the external reification of others. This then, when put into certain contexts, can manifest itself in a projection of hate through genocide. Although reification is the process which explains genocide, other social movements, such as extreme nativism in the Rwandan genocide and extreme modernism in the Holocaust, help perpetuate widespread genocide. Internal reificationRead MoreExamples of Modernism in Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Gatsby Essay The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald shows many examples of modernism. Fitzgerald shows many modernism techniques like loss of control, alienation, corruption of the American Dream, breaking society’s rules and feeling restless. Fitzgerald also shows modernism through the fragmented writing. One example of a modernism technique that Fitzgerald uses is loss of control. The characters often lose control and make bad decisions that haveRead MoreEssay on Holocaust Museum1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdo this very scientifically by measurements, facial features, eye color comparisons, and other features. 4. In a different part of the exhibit, was the listing of all of the Jewish towns that were totally or partially whipped out because of the Holocaust. The names of the towns were engraved on the glass windows of a corridor there were so many of them that they filled up the entire wall. Personal Response 1. This movie was very informative, for example before this movie I thought that Hitler wasRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism2457 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper outlines, argues and evaluates the key ideas used in debates about modernism and postmodernism. In order to understand and evaluate the key ideas the terms modernism and postmodernism had to be defined. I found much difficulty in finding a clear and concise definition of the two terms and so I researched and formed a train of thoughts into one definition. Modernism, beginning in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century within Europe and America, was a movement mainly pioneeredRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagesperson or idea emotionally. 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To begin, the Jewish faith is one of the oldest major religions and the first to believe in one God. TheRead MoreWar : A Breath Of Change1715 Words   |  7 Pagesbig and so powerful that people ultimately decide that they want to forget about some of their past beliefs and move on. The realism period, for example, began during the Civil War – a war that ripped apart families all across the United States. Modernism, the literary movement that followed the realism period, was caused by World War I – a war so big and so bloody that people called it the â€Å"Great War† and â€Å"The War to End All Wars†. For postmodernism, that heart-breaking and belief-changing eventRead MoreObjectivity and Subjectivity in History1597 Words   |  7 Pagesin it For example, nineteenth century historical works (by British historians) on British medieval society are generally weak in nature. This is because, many nineteenth century British historians felt that the ninetee nth century was the age of modernism and thus, had a strong repulsion for the superstitions and barbarities which were characteristic of the British medieval society. Hence, this repulsion inevitably hampered the imaginative understanding of the historians with regards to British societyRead MorePhotography Captured The Attention Of Many Artists Since Its Inception1048 Words   |  5 Pagesthey represent, the context of the lives of any person living or dead who appears in them.†(!) Photographs help us develop not only emotional feelings for the others, but also preserve proofs of history. We already have plenty of photographs of Holocaust, World War II and other terrible events of the past that were retained since camera was invented. Furthermore, it helps us to find more information nowadays. As technology was developed there is an opportunity to receive updated photographs of whatRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesto look at different avenues and sources of criminal behaviour and thus, reach a more precise conclusion. At the centre of criminology are theoretical debates from a wide range of perspectives such as feminism, Marxism, post-structuralism, post modernism, social psychology, left realists and functionalists. Within the last thirty years, the profusion of ideas has expanded academic literature and the focus has shifted onto reasons for crime. Criminology can be viewed in other contexts such as in relation

Painting Analysis Claude Monet - 1585 Words

Claude Monet, a french painter, painted the Church at Varengeville, Grey Weather, in the year 1882, in the midst of his artistic career. Varengeville-sur-Mer is a small commune in the Seine-Maritime of the north-western region in France. The painting is oil paint on a canvas about 25 by 32 inches, and hangs directly on the wall, in a simple ornate frame.The work’s current location is in the Speed Art Museum, in Louisville, KY. The artwork is hung at a horizontal orientation. In the upper left corner of the painting, sits a small church, where the hazy sky peaks out and radiates light from being the building. To the left of the church rests a body of water with several small sail boats. In the foreground there are two trees emerging†¦show more content†¦Church at Varengeville demonstrates Monet’s talent and ability to portray the light and shadows in inherent means. The painting gets progressively darker as the eye moves from the top to the bottom. It is difficu lt to determine where the light source is coming from. The entire sky is lit up and the grassy hill. Monet was intensely preoccupied with capturing nature and light. The impressionists were very concerned with light. They would use their colorful strokes to emulate light and the reflection of light. One of the most interesting things about this piece is the complexity. At first glance the painting looks monotone and very dull and the uniform use of cool colors are very calming. However, upon further and closer inspection, the vibrant, unmixed hues of the colors become apparent. The grassy land not only incorporates dull and dark greens hues, but also, bright greens, blues, and burnt oranges. Also, the pale sky consists of yellows pinks and blues, all very pastel and softly blended. In contrast to the sky and land, the ocean is composed of very lineare brushstrokes consisting of blue and green. Throughout the composition, Monet layered the colors creating a sense of depth and space. The trees are in the front of the landscape and they force the eye to move back in space. The church and the water are much smaller than the tree and show and accurate understanding of scale. The technique in which MonetShow MoreRelatedAutumn on the Seine, Argenteuil by Claude Monet Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages The following is an analysis and an interpretation of Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil. This oil on canvas painting can be found in the High Museum of Art. Claude Monet, the artist of this piece painted this in 1873, right as the Impressionism Movement was beginning. Monet played the important role of one of the founders of the Impressionism Movement with his works like Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil. 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Comparison of Human Resource Management Practices

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of Human Resource Management Practices. Answer: Introduction: The term Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as formal systems which are used in an organization for the management of people. Human resource manager is responsible for managing the core areas of organization which directly affect the human resource of an organization such as recruitment selection, training and development, performance management, staffing, compensation, and industrial relation. The main aim of HRM is to increase the productivity of an organization by utilizing the effectiveness of its employees. Many scholars stated that managing human resource is difficult in comparison of managing capital (Swathi, 2014). In this essay, the main point of discussion is applicability of policy related to Human Resource management in three different countries that is Austria, Germany and Sweden. This paper states the comparison of three elements of HRM that are recruitment selection, training and development, and performance management between the abovementioned countries. The comparison between these three countries is summarized in a comparative table which is stated in the body of the essay. Subsequently essay is followed by brief conclusion. Human Resource management: Human Resource management is the function that deals with the management of people in the organization, and it covers all the issues related to employees of an organization. HRM is a strategic and comprehensive approach which is related to human resource of an organization and management of culture of the company.Some definitions of HRM are stated below: According to Michael Armstrong, HRM is an approach which is strategic in nature and deals with acquisition, motivation, development, and management of the human resources of an organization. The main aim of HRM is to create appropriate corporate culture, and also introduction of such programs which reflect and support the core values of an organization (Armstrong, 2014). Edward L. Gubman stated in the Journal of Business Strategy,that the main aim of HRM is to acquire, develop and retain the talent in an organization, make sure that workforce is aligned with the business, and contributes their best to the business. He further stated that these above mentioned challenges never change (WebQuest, n.d.) Irving Burstiner stated in The Small Business Handbook that hiring the right people in the organization and providing the well training can fulfill different objectives such as business growth and availability of sufficient resources for livelihood of employees. Personal problems are found in every size of business because problems do not discriminate between small and big businesses (Burstiner 1988; Galang Carman, 2016). Structure strategies of HRM: In Austria, employment status is unified by taking many new steps, and organizations also try to adopt new strategies for the promotion of mobility among their employees. Strategies in HR projects: Following strategies are adopted in human resource projects in the organization of Austria: Development of competency of employee. Reform of civil service period. Decentralization of topics. Promotions of employees are based on equality or diversity. In Germany, employees are divided into two groups that are public employees and civil servants. Employees are employed under the principle GEF and they are regulated by the Act on Federal Civil Servants. Strategies in HR projects:Following strategies are adopted in human resource projects in the organization of Germany: Training and development of employees. Projects related to recruitment of employees. Tools are used to motivate the employees. Issues in HR are analyzed on continues basis, and organizations take action to resolve them. In Sweden, legislations related to employment are very similar for both public and private sectors, and there are some additional provisions also which deals with the misuse of public power by officers. Only 1% public employment is on statutory basis. There are many contracts which are on fixed term basis, and these contracts are for few months or for several years. Strategies in HR projects: system in Sweden is decentralized and HRM is the responsibility of each agency of Swedish government. Local agency has power to develop their own HR strategy, but these strategies must comply with law (Luxembourg, 2005). Difference and similarities in HRM policies: Recruitment process is governed by the Act on the Advertisement of Vacancies 1989, and also stated the procedure of appointment depending on the post of employees. Procedures stated by Acts include examination, direct applications and direct interviews for taking entry in the specific groups delegated to the organization level. All the posts in the relevant organization are open for internal and external applicants. This Act also stated few policies which are specially designed for under presented groups. There is federal policy which mandates the preferential treatment in case of female applicants. Act also stated obligation on private and public sectors to employee at least one disabled person in their organization for every twenty five non disabled employees. In Austria, there is less use of performance assessment in making HR decisions as compared to other two countries. Performance assessment is necessary for all employees in organization under GEF, and it is discussed with superior in meeting which held every year. Criteria related to performance include activities conducted by employees, quality of outputs, timeliness of outputs, and improvement in competencies. These performance assessments are important for taking decisions like contract renewal with employee, and promotion or salary advancement. Training and development is the another important strategy of human resource management in Austria, and all employees receive training after their entry in organization. This training is different according to the position of employee in organization. Recruitment system in this country is depends on career- based system. In public sector entry in organization is based on the competitive examination for particular post with process of selection managed at particular level of organization. Posts are not open for external applicants. There are only 41 annual leaves per year. However, some measures are taken to increase the use of recruitments through external sources in case of professionals. There is provision to give preference to disabled person in job interviews and selection process. Female candidates also get preference in the selection process,and there is target of 12.2% to hire female candidates in top management, 14.41% in case of middle management, 26% of professionals, and 20.5% in department of technical support (OECD, n.d.). As compared to other countries Germany make most use of performance assessment in making HR decisions. Performance assessment is important for all employees, and it is discussed with superior in meeting which held in every 2 years. In these meetings superior also give written feedback on the performance of employees. In Germany, organization did not give much importance to performance assessment in case of remuneration. Strategy related to training and development is another core area of human resource management. After the entry in public sector it is necessary to provide training for the period of one week at initial stage. The procedure and pattern of training is different as per seniority level. As compared to other countries Sweden use the recruitment system which is most high position based, and it is also based on merit and skills. All the vacancies available in the organization are published externally, recruitment firms and centers are used, and HR department used list of shortlisted employees. External recruitment are preferred in case of top management and there are provisions which deals with the women and disabled persons. Performance assessment used by Sweden is high as compared to other countries, and assessment is compulsory for all the employees in the organization, and Performances of employees are discussed with their immediate superiors in annual meeting. Some agencies used feedbacks. Organizations used number of strategies such as activities undertaken, quality of outputs given by employees, and effectiveness of work and improvement of competencies. Performance assessment is important for the purpose of remuneration and career advancement. There is no routine training for central government employees, and organizations does not give much emphasis on the training and development programs of employees. Following table shows the difference of HRM in above three countries: Factors Austria Germany Sweden Recruitment Process Recruitment process is governed by the Act on the Advertisement of Vacancies 1989. Recruitment process is based on career based system, and entry in organization is based on competitive exams. In Sweden, employees are recruited on the basis of their merit and skills. Recruitment system is based on high position. Performance Assessment PRP is used in the form of one-off bonuses which can be represented as 15% of base salary. In comparison of other countries Germany use more performance-related pay. PRP is used in the form of one-off bonuses which can be represented as 6-10% of base salary. PRP mostly used by the Sweden, and this country lies in the upper region of the range. PRP is used for maximum employees, and it is accounted in the range of 3-5% per year. Training and Development Training received by employees in Austria is up to 3-5 days per year (OECD, 2012). On average basis employees in Germany receive training almost 1-3 days per year (OECD, 2012). No routine training for employees. Training received by employees is up to 7-10 days per year (OECD, 2012). Cultural Similarities in HR policies: There is no awareness related to classification of national culture at global or European level which set any difference between Austria and Germany. Micro perspectives related to differences in culture are working with the concept of cultural standards, and it shows the clear difference between the managerial behavior in Germany and Austria. However, when we consider the things at macro level there are many similarities in the culture of these two countries. Finding of Trompenaarss shows that culture of Sweden is more similar to the US culture as compared to Germany and Austria. Comparison between managerial practices of three countries that is Austria, Germany and Sweden shows that top and second level management of Swedish organization participate more and their behavior is more democratic as compared to other countries. Germany stands on average position. Consideration of Cultural difference between the three countries is less because most of the times all three countries are treated as part of North European group. Industrial relation is important factor of HRM, and comparison on the basis of this factor shows that there is no much difference between Austria and Germany, but in case of Sweden difference exists. For example: in Austria and Germany there is dominant form of worker representation in the organizations, and work councils are elected by complete workforce. Whereas in Sweden shop stewards has co-determination rights, and th ese shop stewards are appointed by their union. It must be noted that employee representatives and trade union directly affect the decision of organization in all three countries. There are lots of similarities in the development of function of human resource (Hyman, 2015). After considering the cultural similarities, institutional environments, and HRM trends we can state that very fewer differences are stated in HRM policies of Austria, Germany and Sweden. However, some differences are stated in the HRM policies of Sweden but there is no difference between Austria and Germany (Mayrhofer, 2017). Conclusion: In this paper all the explanations related to differences and similarities in HRM policies of Austria, Germany and Sweden are stated which are supported by relevant evidences. The differences are based on three factors of HRM that is Recruitment process, performance assessment, and training and development. Above factors shows clear evidence related to differences and similarities between Austria, Germany and Sweden. After considering the above evidences it is clear that difference between two Germanic countries that is Austria and Germany are less as compared to difference between two Germanic Countries and Sweden. The difference between all three countries is based on number of factors such as cultural, industrial relations and other factors. Therefore, we conclude that difference and similarities between three countries are mention above, and explanations are supported by valid evidences. References: Armstrong, M. Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrongshandbook ofhuman resource Managementpractice. London: Kogan page. Burstiner, I. (1988). The Small Business Handbook. Fireside Books. WebQuest. HRM in SMEs training needs. Available at: https://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing. [Accessed on 8th January 2016]. OECD, (2012). Human Resources Management Country Profiles. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/OECD%20HRM%20Profile%20-%20Austria.pdf. [Accessed on 8th January 2016]. OECD, (2012). Human Resources Management Country Profiles. Available at:https://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/OECD%20HRM%20Profile%20-%20Germany.pdf. [Accessed on 8th January 2016]. OECD, (2012). Human Resources Management Country Profiles. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/OECD%20HRM%20Profile%20-%20Sweden.pdf. Luxembourg, (2005) Human Resources management strategies to support organizational changes. Available at: https://www.eupan.eu/files/repository/HRManagement1.pdf. [Accessed on 8th January 2016]. Swathi, B. (2014). A comprehensive review on human resource management practices, International Journal of Research in Business Management. 2 (9), 21-28. Mayrhofer, w. (2017). A Comparison of Human Resource Management Practices in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228465649_A_Comparison_of_Human_Resource_Management_Practices_in_Austria_Germany_and_Sweden. [Accessed on 8th January 2016]. Hyman, R. (2015). The European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2016 Release of Journal Citation Reports, 22(4). Galang Carmen, M. (2016) HR managers in five countries: what do they do and why does it matter. International Journal of Human Resource Management (2016), 27 (32) 1341-1372.

The Scarlet Letter Essays (568 words) - Film, English-language Films

The Scarlet Letter The virtue of truth and the evil of secret sin are clearly illustrated in the novel, The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The three main characters in this novel display their own honesty and sins. Hester Prynne exhibits the essence of truth and pride when she bravely faces the humiliation of the scaffold. In chapter 17, when Hester apologizes to Dimmesdale about concealing Chillingworth's identity, she says, ?In all things else, I have striven to be true! Truth was the one virtue which I might have held, and did hold fast, through all extremity?A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side (pg. 202)!? It is Hester's pride, which sustains her from the beginning of the novel to the end, when she dies, still sporting the scarlet A on her bosom. Hester's sin is the sin which gives the book its title and around which the action of the book resolves. Adultery, which was prohibited by the Seventh Amendment, was usually punished by death. A woman in the crowd stated, ?At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne's forhead?She may cover it (the scarlet letter) with a brooch, or such like heathenish adornment, and so walk the stree ts as brave as ever (pg. 53)!? Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale shows truth by his occupation. People living in Boston, Massachusetts looked up to and respected Dimmesdale because he was a minister. One of his sins was his inability to publicly acknowledge that he committed adultery with Hester and that he is the father of Pearl, Hester's daughter. However, adultery was not his biggest sin. His biggest sin is hypocrisy. In chapter ten, he speaks of the concealment of his sins, he says, ?It may be that they are kept silent by the very constistution of their nature. Or-can we not suppose it-guilty as they may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for God's glory and man's welfare?no evil of the past be redeemed by better service (pg. 137).? While trying to conceal his sins, they take over his conscience and literally confess themselves during his acts of madness. The third main character, Roger Chillingworth, is a pretty innocent man in the beginning of this book. He comes to America to be reunited with his wife, Hester, but soon comes to find out that she has committed adultery. Chillingworth has however committed two sins also. One of them being against nature. He says, ?A man already in decay, having given my best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge, -what had I to do with youth and beauty like thine own (pg. 77)!? Sin, in actuality, begins to take possession of Chillingworth when he noticed Hester on the scaffold. Chillingworth eventually destroys himself. As he is talking to Hester in chapter fourteen when he has realized what has happened between Hester and Dimmesdale, he says, ?Dost thou remember me? Was I not, though you might deem me cold, nevertheless a man thoughtful for others, craving little for himself, -kind, true, just, and of constant, if not warm affections? Was I not all this (pg. 180) As shown in the novel, each individual character displayed both senses of truth and evil. Some were less severe than others, but still sins. Overall, a lesson of purity is developed throughout the book. English Essays